| 1. | European monetary system ems
欧洲货币体系 |
| 2. | European monetary system
欧洲货币体系 |
| 3. | In december 1978 the european economic community started to establish the european monetary system ( ems ) , which impelled the development of the european economic integration
而英国政府虽有回应,但无大动作。这两年,随着欧元日益坚挺,关于欧元的讨论在英国却逐渐沉寂下去。 |
| 4. | In a final effort to gain independence from the dollar , europe tried to create the european monetary system in july of 1978 . this , like all of the earlier agreements , failed in 1993
欧洲于1978年7月最后尝试建立一种独立于美元的体系欧洲货币体系，但和之前的其他协议一样， 1993年以失败告终。 |
| 5. | De ite setbacks and disruptio during the depre ion of the 70 ' s , the integration proce again picked up steam with the creation of the european monetary system ( ems ) in 1979
尽管在七十年代的萧条时期遭受了干扰并出现了倒退，随着1979年欧洲货币体系（ ems ）的设立，一体化进程又有了新的发展势头。 |
| 6. | Despite setbacks and disruptions during the depression of the 70 ' s , the integration process again picked up steam with the creation of the european monetary system ( ems ) in 1979
尽管在七十年代的萧条时期遭受了干扰并出现了倒退，随着1979年欧洲货币体系（ ems ）的设立，一体化进程又有了新的发展势头。 |
| 7. | History records many financial crises , but mankind has never been so close and so frequent to them as today . so soon after european monetary system crisis in 1992 - 3 , mexican financial crises crashed in 1994 - 5
在人类发展历史长河中，金融危机如影相随，但从没有任何时候像现在这样如此贴近人类，如此频繁地发生。 |
| 8. | In 1979 the european community ( now the european union ) nations of the european monetary system established an exchange rate mechanism , whereby member states agreed to limit the fluctuations of their national currencies within a fixed band
1979年，属于欧洲货币体制的欧共体(今欧洲联盟)各国建立了汇率体制，各成员国同意将其货币的波动限制在固定的范围内。 |
| 9. | The european monetary system and its exchange rate mechanism , which aimed to control exchange rate movements among member state currencies , would only be fully achieved through the establishment of a single currency and a single monetary policy
在通往取消汇率波动的道路上（这一目标的彻底实现取决于建立单一货币以及单一货币政策） ，旨在对成员国货币兑换率进行控制的欧洲货币体系及其汇率机制仅仅起一个补给站的作用。 |
| 10. | Robert a . mundell , the 1999 winner of nobel prize of economics , madeinnovative contributions to international macro - economics . his originality lies in the following areas : ( 1 ) setting up the mundell flemming model which pointed out for the first time that the efficiency of various policies aimed at stability of economy depends on the flow of international capital ; ( 2 ) designing a framework for dynamic analysis of currency flow based on hume ' s theory in quantity of classical currency ; ( 3 ) putting forward a theory of “ optimum currency area ” , which lays a theoretical foundation for establishing the european monetary system
1999年诺贝尔经济学奖得主罗伯特?芒德尔在国际宏观经济学方面做出了开创性贡献,主要是: ( 1 )创立了芒德尔一弗莱明模型，第一次较为系统地指出了各种经济稳定政策的效率依赖于国际资本流动的程度; ( 2 )通过发展休谟的古典货币数量论，建立了一套货币动态学分析体系； ( 3 )开创性地提出了“最优货币区理论” ，为欧盟建立共同货币提供了核心的理论基础。 |
